Paysandisia (Castnia) archon

The palm borer moth Paysandisia (Castnia) archon is a species of moth originating from South America. I tis a large species – wingspan often more than 10 cm. This moth was introduced to Europe in 2000 through ornamental palms. Since its accidental introduction, it has become a major threat for natural stands of native palms, as well as for nurseries and gardens in the Mediterranean basin, where it causes significant damage to palm trees. Adult moths, which are strong fliers, emerge from mid-May to late September, mate, and female laying eggs on palm trees. After 12-21 days, the larvae hatch and burrow into the trunk, where they feed and grow through nine instars over 10 to 19 months. The larvae then pupate inside cocoons within the palms. The entire cycle taking approximately 13 to 22 months. The larvae of Paysandisia (Castnia) archon burrow into the trunks and crowns of various palm species, leading to their decline and eventual death. This pest poses a major threat to both ornamental and commercially important palms in affected areas.