Orthotomicus erosus

Mediterranean pine engraver Orthotomicus erosus is a bark beetle associated primarily with various species of pine (Pinus spp.), especially in warm and dry regions of southern and central Europe. Adults are reddish-brown and about 3–3.8 mm long. Females excavate maternal galleries beneath the bark of weakened or freshly felled trees, where they lay individual eggs. The larvae develop in feeding galleries radiating from the central egg gallery. Pupation takes place under the bark. This species can produce multiple generations per year depending on the climate. Under favourable conditions, high population density can contribute to the decline of host trees. It may also affect the aesthetic appearance of ornamental or urban trees through bark discoloration and resin exudation. The species is widespread in Mediterranean and southern Europe and has expanded into central parts of the continent.